Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Logo

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd.

600678.SS

(1.2)
Stock Price

6,93 CNY

-6.99% ROA

-26.48% ROE

-35.07x PER

Market Cap.

2.149.778.400,00 CNY

214.88% DER

0% Yield

-19.61% NPM

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Stock Analysis

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis in stock investing is like studying the foundation of a house before buying it. It involves looking at a company's financial health, like its earnings, assets, and debts, to determine if it's a good investment based on its fundamental strength and potential for growth.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Fundamental Stock Analysis
# Analysis Rating
1 Assets Growth

This company's revenue has experienced steady growth over the last five years, indicating a reliable and prosperous financial trajectory.

2 ROE

ROE in an average range (0.07%) suggests satisfactory profitability and decent utilization of shareholders' equity.

3 ROA

The stock's ROA (0.03%) indicates that it's doing well in making money from the things it owns. This makes it a good option to invest and make consistent profits.

4 Buffet Intrinsic Value

The company's stock seems undervalued (7.689) by Warren Buffett's formula, indicating a promising investment opportunity as its intrinsic value exceeds the market price.

5 PBV

The stock's elevated P/BV ratio (7.52x) raises concerns about its overvaluation, making it an imprudent choice for investors seeking value.

6 DER

The company has a high debt to equity ratio (103%), which means it owes a lot of money compared to what it actually owns, making it financially risky.

7 Revenue Growth

Company has experienced no growth in revenue over the past three years, suggesting limited profitability and making it a less desirable investment opportunity.

8 Net Profit Growth

This company's net profit has remained flat over the past five years, suggesting a lack of growth and making it a less attractive investment opportunity.

9 Graham Number

The company's Graham number indicates that it is overvalued compared to its stock price, suggesting a potentially unfavorable investment opportunity.

10 Dividend Growth

The company's dividend growth has remained unchanged for three years, signaling a lack of positive momentum and making it a less favorable investment choice.

11 Dividend

Investors should be cautious as the company hasn't distributed dividends in the last three years, possibly indicating financial challenges.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Technical Analysis

Technical analysis in stock investing is like reading the patterns on a weather map to predict future weather conditions. It involves studying past stock price movements and trading volumes to make predictions about where a stock's price might go next, without necessarily looking at the company's financial health.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Technical Stock Analysis
# Analysis Recommendation
1 Awesome Oscillator Buy
2 MACD Buy
3 RSI Hold
4 Stoch RSI Hold

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Price Chart

Financial Statements

Financial statements are like report cards for companies. They show how much money a company makes (income statement), what it owns and owes (balance sheet), and where it spends its money (cash flow statement), helping stock investors understand if a company is healthy and worth investing in.

Income Statements

An income statement for a company is like a scoreboard for its profits and losses. It shows how much money the company made (revenue) and how much it spent to make that money (expenses), helping stock investors see if a company is making a profit or not.

Revenue in stock investing is the total amount of money a company earns from its sales, and it's a key factor that investors consider to assess a company's financial performance and growth potential.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Revenue
Year Revenue Growth
1993 345.741.296
1994 327.920.000 -5.43%
1995 226.540.710 -44.75%
1996 265.975.524 14.83%
1997 203.438.027 -30.74%
1998 205.339.489 0.93%
1999 232.982.576 11.86%
2000 212.429.611 -9.68%
2001 428.809.346 50.46%
2002 453.492.502 5.44%
2003 332.386.310 -36.44%
2004 347.347.932 4.31%
2005 389.829.333 10.9%
2006 419.143.160 6.99%
2007 415.267.929 -0.93%
2008 545.629.238 23.89%
2009 661.004.663 17.45%
2010 467.374.189 -41.43%
2011 296.235.631 -57.77%
2012 12.135.839 -2341%
2013 32.485.007 62.64%
2014 54.244.825 40.11%
2015 52.724.174 -2.88%
2016 88.876.689 40.68%
2017 184.964.514 51.95%
2018 424.025.302 56.38%
2019 295.122.306 -43.68%
2020 259.590.285 -13.69%
2021 373.009.528 30.41%
2022 357.851.109 -4.24%
2023 288.647.064 -23.98%
2023 327.704.813 11.92%
2024 257.945.840 -27.04%

Research and Development Expenses are the costs a company incurs to create and improve its products or services, which can be important for investors to evaluate a company's innovation and potential for future growth.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Research and Development Expenses
Year Research and Development Expenses Growth
1993 0
1994 0 0%
1995 0 0%
1996 0 0%
1997 0 0%
1998 0 0%
1999 0 0%
2000 0 0%
2001 0 0%
2002 0 0%
2003 0 0%
2004 0 0%
2005 0 0%
2006 0 0%
2007 0 0%
2008 0 0%
2009 0 0%
2010 0 0%
2011 0 0%
2012 0 0%
2013 0 0%
2014 0 0%
2015 0 0%
2016 0 0%
2017 0 0%
2018 0 0%
2019 0 0%
2020 0 0%
2021 0 0%
2022 2.331 100%
2023 0 0%
2023 1.332.997 100%
2024 1.562.676 14.7%

General and Administrative Expenses are the costs a company incurs to run its day-to-day operations, such as office rent, salaries, and utilities, which investors consider to understand a company's overall efficiency and management effectiveness.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. General and Administrative Expenses
Year General and Administrative Expenses Growth
1993 18.669.244
1994 0 0%
1995 33.748.032 100%
1996 35.703.371 5.48%
1997 39.274.113 9.09%
1998 35.874.497 -9.48%
1999 46.241.646 22.42%
2000 37.649.870 -22.82%
2001 149.051.172 74.74%
2002 93.699.176 -59.07%
2003 41.932.772 -123.45%
2004 46.470.129 9.76%
2005 37.724.715 -23.18%
2006 32.914.286 -14.62%
2007 42.570.287 22.68%
2008 52.003.665 18.14%
2009 70.981.523 26.74%
2010 64.774.439 -9.58%
2011 49.638.148 -30.49%
2012 117.620.284 57.8%
2013 9.165.609 -1183.28%
2014 14.473.502 36.67%
2015 7.020.596 -106.16%
2016 5.538.978 -26.75%
2017 9.168.508 39.59%
2018 14.490.578 36.73%
2019 8.678.989 -66.96%
2020 15.185.204 42.85%
2021 17.339.704 12.43%
2022 15.517.825 -11.74%
2023 102.119.253 84.8%
2023 43.341.411 -135.62%
2024 -11.637.175 472.44%

EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. It is a measure that helps stock investors analyze a company's profitability by looking at its earnings without considering certain expenses. This helps to get a clearer picture of the company's financial performance and its ability to generate cash flow.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. EBITDA
Year EBITDA Growth
1993 159.989.849
1994 327.920.000 51.21%
1995 29.977.856 -993.87%
1996 43.457.028 31.02%
1997 24.380.445 -78.25%
1998 27.927.412 12.7%
1999 34.712.234 19.55%
2000 49.577.881 29.98%
2001 -49.204.754 200.76%
2002 49.369.734 199.67%
2003 67.726.821 27.1%
2004 64.120.451 -5.62%
2005 59.220.795 -8.27%
2006 76.380.802 22.47%
2007 94.844.851 19.47%
2008 153.896.233 38.37%
2009 15.445.552 -896.38%
2010 -176.578.056 108.75%
2011 188.314.448 193.77%
2012 501.540.606 62.45%
2013 2.276.611 -21930.14%
2014 -13.600.408 116.74%
2015 45.904.760 129.63%
2016 3.483.624 -1217.73%
2017 54.580.789 93.62%
2018 69.973.219 22%
2019 79.157.425 11.6%
2020 93.707.946 15.53%
2021 136.518.803 31.36%
2022 76.402.031 -78.68%
2023 -40.714.593 287.65%
2023 25.138.242 261.96%
2024 5.815.352 -332.27%

Gross profit is the money a company makes from selling its products or services after subtracting the cost of producing or providing them, and it is an important measure for investors to understand a company's profitability.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Gross Profit
Year Gross Profit Growth
1993 236.473.464
1994 327.920.000 27.89%
1995 94.137.267 -248.34%
1996 115.699.485 18.64%
1997 89.370.013 -29.46%
1998 76.070.721 -17.48%
1999 95.862.780 20.65%
2000 89.041.517 -7.66%
2001 145.993.414 39.01%
2002 159.647.592 8.55%
2003 113.770.954 -40.32%
2004 89.647.496 -26.91%
2005 82.985.046 -8.03%
2006 111.422.819 25.52%
2007 143.988.120 22.62%
2008 211.355.357 31.87%
2009 86.228.001 -145.11%
2010 26.996.550 -219.4%
2011 -4.705.525 673.72%
2012 -404.144 -1064.32%
2013 4.399.496 109.19%
2014 8.703.678 49.45%
2015 -2.913.824 398.7%
2016 14.143.237 120.6%
2017 50.194.226 71.82%
2018 92.546.135 45.76%
2019 95.999.358 3.6%
2020 115.227.098 16.69%
2021 173.364.427 33.53%
2022 108.898.532 -59.2%
2023 24.678.512 -341.27%
2023 56.739.799 56.51%
2024 64.456.484 11.97%

Net income in stock investing is like the money a company actually gets to keep as profit after paying all its bills, and it's an important measure to understand how well a company is doing financially.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Net Profit
Year Net Profit Growth
1993 156.116.499
1994 142.773.000 -9.35%
1995 27.383.150 -421.39%
1996 48.974.893 44.09%
1997 24.491.742 -99.96%
1998 13.263.519 -84.65%
1999 8.979.489 -47.71%
2000 17.380.829 48.34%
2001 -79.836.843 121.77%
2002 22.466.761 455.36%
2003 19.162.522 -17.24%
2004 13.892.222 -37.94%
2005 13.529.169 -2.68%
2006 23.336.926 42.03%
2007 25.705.318 9.21%
2008 22.657.144 -13.45%
2009 -584.679.521 103.88%
2010 -587.343.991 0.45%
2011 34.837.020 1785.98%
2012 453.980.439 92.33%
2013 4.799.416 -9359.08%
2014 -37.016.803 112.97%
2015 4.195.772 982.24%
2016 -28.246.785 114.85%
2017 28.940.758 197.6%
2018 31.683.635 8.66%
2019 39.302.096 19.38%
2020 38.235.796 -2.79%
2021 67.784.777 43.59%
2022 12.967.139 -422.74%
2023 -51.681.822 125.09%
2023 -41.236.978 -25.33%
2024 -16.211.860 -154.36%

EPS, or earnings per share, is a measure that shows how much profit a company has earned for each outstanding share of its stock, and it is important for stock investors as it helps understand the profitability of a company and compare it with other companies in the market.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Earning per Share (EPS)
Year Earning per Share (EPS) Growth
1993 1
1994 0 0%
1995 0 0%
1996 0 0%
1997 0 0%
1998 0 0%
1999 0 0%
2000 0 0%
2001 0 0%
2002 0 0%
2003 0 0%
2004 0 0%
2005 0 0%
2006 0 0%
2007 0 0%
2008 0 0%
2009 -2 100%
2010 -2 0%
2011 0 0%
2012 1 100%
2013 0 0%
2014 0 0%
2015 0 0%
2016 0 0%
2017 0 0%
2018 0 0%
2019 0 0%
2020 0 0%
2021 0 0%
2022 0 0%
2023 0 0%
2023 0 0%
2024 0 0%

Cashflow Statements

Cashflow statements show the movement of money in and out of a company, helping stock investors understand how much money a company makes and spends. By examining cashflow statements, investors can assess if a company is generating enough cash to pay its bills, invest in growth, and provide returns to stockholders.

Free cash flow is the leftover cash that a company generates after covering its operating expenses and capital expenditures, which is important for stock investors as it shows how much money a company has available to invest in growth, pay dividends, or reduce debt.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Free Cashflow
Year Free Cashflow Growth
1998 -12.370.310
1999 -89.605 -13705.38%
2000 -55.069.942 99.84%
2001 -27.325.914 -101.53%
2002 -132.660.549 79.4%
2003 -12.470.047 -963.83%
2004 23.311.790 153.49%
2005 6.447.129 -261.58%
2006 33.736.148 80.89%
2007 -1.736.376 2042.91%
2008 -126.561.936 98.63%
2009 -206.538.898 38.72%
2010 -36.526.250 -465.45%
2011 -3.834.600 -852.54%
2012 -236.390.933 98.38%
2013 -186.351.949 -26.85%
2014 -52.051.283 -258.02%
2015 -57.237.316 9.06%
2016 -4.129.960 -1285.9%
2017 3.479.794 218.68%
2018 6.015.972 42.16%
2019 95.707.627 93.71%
2020 89.339.465 -7.13%
2021 58.806.918 -51.92%
2022 -49.239.246 219.43%
2023 -75.365.215 34.67%
2023 -30.411.392 -147.82%
2024 -46.612.858 34.76%

Operating cash flow represents the cash generated or consumed by a company's day-to-day operations, excluding external investing or financing activities, and is crucial for stock investors as it shows how much cash a company is generating from its core business operations.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Operating Cashflow
Year Operating Cashflow Growth
1998 -7.231.846
1999 14.789.688 148.9%
2000 13.609.493 -8.67%
2001 58.197.388 76.61%
2002 35.517.530 -63.86%
2003 93.136.637 61.87%
2004 32.862.925 -183.41%
2005 19.546.465 -68.13%
2006 46.843.928 58.27%
2007 59.687.956 21.52%
2008 59.475.379 -0.36%
2009 47.355.682 -25.59%
2010 -6.853.513 790.97%
2011 3.411.060 300.92%
2012 -207.529.960 101.64%
2013 -24.098.476 -761.17%
2014 65.320 36992.95%
2015 -25.592.882 100.26%
2016 5.785.613 542.35%
2017 7.653.718 24.41%
2018 23.042.423 66.78%
2019 111.539.925 79.34%
2020 104.056.447 -7.19%
2021 91.374.074 -13.88%
2022 47.831.023 -91.04%
2023 9.028.624 -429.77%
2023 -6.313.781 243%
2024 29.759.948 121.22%

Capex, short for capital expenditures, refers to the money a company spends on acquiring or upgrading tangible assets like buildings, equipment, or technology, which is important for stock investors as it indicates how much a company is investing in its infrastructure to support future growth and profitability.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Capital Expenditure
Year Capital Expenditure Growth
1998 5.138.464
1999 14.879.293 65.47%
2000 68.679.435 78.34%
2001 85.523.302 19.7%
2002 168.178.079 49.15%
2003 105.606.684 -59.25%
2004 9.551.134 -1005.7%
2005 13.099.335 27.09%
2006 13.107.779 0.06%
2007 61.424.332 78.66%
2008 186.037.315 66.98%
2009 253.894.580 26.73%
2010 29.672.737 -755.65%
2011 7.245.660 -309.52%
2012 28.860.972 74.89%
2013 162.253.473 82.21%
2014 52.116.603 -211.33%
2015 31.644.434 -64.69%
2016 9.915.573 -219.14%
2017 4.173.923 -137.56%
2018 17.026.450 75.49%
2019 15.832.298 -7.54%
2020 14.716.982 -7.58%
2021 32.567.155 54.81%
2022 97.070.269 66.45%
2023 84.393.839 -15.02%
2023 24.097.610 -250.22%
2024 76.372.806 68.45%

Balance Sheet

Balance sheets provide a snapshot of a company's financial health and its assets (such as cash, inventory, and property) and liabilities (like debts and obligations) at a specific point in time. For stock investors, balance sheets help assess the company's overall worth and evaluate its ability to meet financial obligations and support future growth.

Equity refers to the ownership interest or stake that shareholders have in a company, representing their claim on its assets and earnings after all debts and liabilities are paid.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Equity
Year Equity Growth
1993 398.156.394
1994 665.557.000 40.18%
1995 632.156.284 -5.28%
1996 659.298.559 4.12%
1997 653.430.208 -0.9%
1998 638.775.299 -2.29%
1999 418.499.645 -52.63%
2000 447.781.961 6.54%
2001 286.190.688 -56.46%
2002 272.500.949 -5.02%
2003 287.689.110 5.28%
2004 334.736.313 14.06%
2005 346.412.965 3.37%
2006 369.386.804 6.22%
2007 525.472.382 29.7%
2008 679.472.389 22.66%
2009 115.210.117 -489.77%
2010 -493.542.156 123.34%
2011 -522.143.287 5.48%
2012 53.284.339 1079.92%
2013 59.945.799 11.11%
2014 27.662.126 -116.71%
2015 29.965.955 7.69%
2016 3.805.796 -687.38%
2017 29.125.180 86.93%
2018 69.458.451 58.07%
2019 122.593.998 43.34%
2020 163.238.233 24.9%
2021 243.701.272 33.02%
2022 273.219.272 10.8%
2023 267.536.370 -2.12%
2023 230.585.012 -16.03%
2024 227.119.302 -1.53%

Assets represent the valuable resources that a company owns, such as cash, inventory, property, and equipment, and understanding a company's assets helps investors assess its value and potential for generating future profits.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Assets
Year Assets Growth
1993 580.429.847
1994 837.042.000 30.66%
1995 859.359.526 2.6%
1996 936.103.066 8.2%
1997 851.221.065 -9.97%
1998 882.760.399 3.57%
1999 678.341.488 -30.14%
2000 736.385.464 7.88%
2001 940.285.662 21.68%
2002 865.321.655 -8.66%
2003 913.010.986 5.22%
2004 918.787.182 0.63%
2005 939.573.453 2.21%
2006 947.264.008 0.81%
2007 1.276.503.145 25.79%
2008 2.118.155.140 39.74%
2009 1.742.486.513 -21.56%
2010 1.382.292.143 -26.06%
2011 930.204.496 -48.6%
2012 192.234.608 -383.89%
2013 322.066.653 40.31%
2014 360.639.919 10.7%
2015 375.804.494 4.04%
2016 344.693.158 -9.03%
2017 436.680.570 21.07%
2018 476.502.344 8.36%
2019 484.069.541 1.56%
2020 494.339.948 2.08%
2021 569.415.236 13.18%
2022 640.616.023 11.11%
2023 798.549.354 19.78%
2023 938.092.462 14.88%
2024 1.017.147.068 7.77%

Liabilities refer to the financial obligations or debts that a company owes to creditors or external parties, and understanding a company's liabilities is important for investors as it helps assess the company's financial risk and ability to meet its obligations.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Liabilities
Year Liabilities Growth
1993 182.273.452
1994 837.042.000 78.22%
1995 227.203.241 -268.41%
1996 276.804.506 17.92%
1997 197.790.856 -39.95%
1998 243.985.100 18.93%
1999 259.841.842 6.1%
2000 288.603.502 9.97%
2001 654.094.973 55.88%
2002 592.820.704 -10.34%
2003 625.321.875 5.2%
2004 584.050.869 -7.07%
2005 593.160.487 1.54%
2006 577.877.203 -2.64%
2007 751.030.762 23.06%
2008 1.438.682.749 47.8%
2009 1.627.276.395 11.59%
2010 1.875.834.298 13.25%
2011 1.452.347.783 -29.16%
2012 138.950.269 -945.23%
2013 262.120.854 46.99%
2014 332.977.792 21.28%
2015 345.838.537 3.72%
2016 340.887.361 -1.45%
2017 407.555.389 16.36%
2018 407.043.891 -0.13%
2019 361.475.542 -12.61%
2020 331.101.713 -9.17%
2021 325.713.964 -1.65%
2022 367.396.750 11.35%
2023 531.012.983 30.81%
2023 707.507.450 24.95%
2024 790.027.765 10.45%

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Financial Ratio (TTM)

Valuation Metrics

Revenue per Share
0.9
Net Income per Share
-0.18
Price to Earning Ratio
-35.07x
Price To Sales Ratio
6.89x
POCF Ratio
103
PFCF Ratio
-13.1
Price to Book Ratio
9.67
EV to Sales
8.22
EV Over EBITDA
-62.81
EV to Operating CashFlow
123.16
EV to FreeCashFlow
-15.64
Earnings Yield
-0.03
FreeCashFlow Yield
-0.08
Market Cap
2,15 Bil.
Enterprise Value
2,57 Bil.
Graham Number
1.59
Graham NetNet
-2.05

Income Statement Metrics

Net Income per Share
-0.18
Income Quality
-0.34
ROE
-0.26
Return On Assets
-0.06
Return On Capital Employed
-0.09
Net Income per EBT
0.97
EBT Per Ebit
1.12
Ebit per Revenue
-0.18
Effective Tax Rate
-0.04

Margins

Sales, General, & Administrative to Revenue
0.14
Research & Developement to Revenue
0.01
Stock Based Compensation to Revenue
0
Gross Profit Margin
0.1
Operating Profit Margin
-0.18
Pretax Profit Margin
-0.2
Net Profit Margin
-0.2

Dividends

Dividend Yield
0
Dividend Yield %
0
Payout Ratio
-0.33
Dividend Per Share
0

Operating Metrics

Operating Cashflow per Share
0.06
Free CashFlow per Share
-0.47
Capex to Operating CashFlow
8.87
Capex to Revenue
0.59
Capex to Depreciation
12.46
Return on Invested Capital
-0.08
Return on Tangible Assets
-0.07
Days Sales Outstanding
91.57
Days Payables Outstanding
192.85
Days of Inventory on Hand
3.65
Receivables Turnover
3.99
Payables Turnover
1.89
Inventory Turnover
100.02
Capex per Share
0.53

Balance Sheet

Cash per Share
0,05
Book Value per Share
0,65
Tangible Book Value per Share
0.25
Shareholders Equity per Share
0.64
Interest Debt per Share
1.42
Debt to Equity
2.15
Debt to Assets
0.47
Net Debt to EBITDA
-10.21
Current Ratio
0.4
Tangible Asset Value
0,09 Bil.
Net Current Asset Value
-0,64 Bil.
Invested Capital
596722002
Working Capital
-0,22 Bil.
Intangibles to Total Assets
0.14
Average Receivables
0,09 Bil.
Average Payables
0,20 Bil.
Average Inventory
2398150.5
Debt to Market Cap
0.22

Dividends

Dividends in stock investing are like rewards that companies give to their shareholders. They are a portion of the company's profits distributed to investors, typically in the form of cash payments, as a way for them to share in the company's success.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Dividends
Year Dividends Growth
1994 0
1995 0 0%
1997 0 0%
1999 0 0%
2007 0 0%

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Profile

About Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd.

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. engages in mining, processing, and sale of limestone in China. It is also involved in the production and sale of calcium carbonate composite materials; and sale of building materials. The company founded in 1992 and is based in Leshan, China.

CEO
Mr. Ji Feng Xiong
Employee
377
Address
No. 55, Xinnong Group
Leshan, 614224

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Executives & BODs

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Executives & BODs
# Name Age
1 Mr. Ye Yang
Secretary of the Board
70
2 Mr. Ji Feng Xiong
GM & Director
70

Sichuan Golden Summit (group) Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Competitors