CGS.AX
Cogstate Limited
CGS.AX
(1.8)0,95 AUD
12.45% ROA
14.73% ROE
34.31x PER
167.601.134,09 AUD
0.7% DER
0% Yield
13.39% NPM
Cogstate Limited Stock Analysis
Cogstate Limited Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis in stock investing is like studying the foundation of a house before buying it. It involves looking at a company's financial health, like its earnings, assets, and debts, to determine if it's a good investment based on its fundamental strength and potential for growth.
| # | Analysis | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
ROE
The stock's ROE exceeds expectations (27.49%), revealing strong profitability and efficient use of shareholders' equity, making it an attractive investment opportunity. |
|
| 2 |
ROA
The stock's ability to make a lot of money from its assets shows that it is very profitable, making it a good choice for people who want to invest and make a lot of money. |
|
| 3 |
DER
The stock has a low debt to equity ratio (4%), which means it has a small amount of debt compared to the ownership it holds |
|
| 4 |
Assets Growth
Over the past three years, this company's revenue has consistently grown, demonstrating a positive financial trend that makes it an appealing choice. |
|
| 5 |
PBV
The stock's elevated P/BV ratio (4.99x) raises concerns about its overvaluation, making it an imprudent choice for investors seeking value. |
|
| 6 |
Revenue Growth
Regrettably, this company's revenue has shown no signs of growth over the past three years, suggesting limited potential for returns and making it a less appealing choice. |
|
| 7 |
Net Profit Growth
Over the past five years, this company's net profit has failed to exhibit any growth, indicating a stagnant financial performance and making it a less favorable choice for potential investors. |
|
| 8 |
Graham Number
The Graham number analysis indicates that this company's stock price is likely overpriced, raising concerns about its investment potential. |
|
| 9 |
Dividend Growth
The company's dividend growth has remained unchanged for three years, signaling a lack of positive momentum and making it a less favorable investment choice. |
|
| 10 |
Dividend
Investors should be cautious as the company hasn't distributed dividends in the last three years, possibly indicating financial challenges. |
|
| 11 |
Buffet Intrinsic Value
Based on Warren Buffett's formula, the company's stock seems overpriced (-1), indicating a potential drawback for investors as its market price exceeds its estimated intrinsic value. |
Cogstate Limited Technical Analysis
Technical analysis in stock investing is like reading the patterns on a weather map to predict future weather conditions. It involves studying past stock price movements and trading volumes to make predictions about where a stock's price might go next, without necessarily looking at the company's financial health.
| # | Analysis | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Awesome Oscillator | Buy |
| 2 | MACD | Buy |
| 3 | RSI | Hold |
| 4 | Stoch RSI | Hold |
Cogstate Limited Price Chart
Financial Statements
Financial statements are like report cards for companies. They show how much money a company makes (income statement), what it owns and owes (balance sheet), and where it spends its money (cash flow statement), helping stock investors understand if a company is healthy and worth investing in.
Income Statements
An income statement for a company is like a scoreboard for its profits and losses. It shows how much money the company made (revenue) and how much it spent to make that money (expenses), helping stock investors see if a company is making a profit or not.
Revenue in stock investing is the total amount of money a company earns from its sales, and it's a key factor that investors consider to assess a company's financial performance and growth potential.
| Year | Revenue | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 203.742 | |
| 2003 | 134.302 | -51.7% |
| 2004 | 782.147 | 82.83% |
| 2005 | 1.540.448 | 49.23% |
| 2006 | 1.993.092 | 22.71% |
| 2007 | 3.619.834 | 44.94% |
| 2008 | 6.770.940 | 46.54% |
| 2009 | 8.060.985 | 16% |
| 2010 | 8.692.536 | 7.27% |
| 2011 | 12.295.486 | 29.3% |
| 2012 | 11.373.515 | -8.11% |
| 2013 | 11.547.849 | 1.51% |
| 2014 | 12.328.283 | 6.33% |
| 2015 | 20.351.327 | 39.42% |
| 2016 | 26.850.868 | 24.21% |
| 2017 | 28.956.884 | 7.27% |
| 2018 | 21.834.374 | -32.62% |
| 2019 | 23.686.608 | 7.82% |
| 2020 | 34.513.490 | 31.37% |
| 2020 | 32.686.396 | -5.59% |
| 2021 | 44.980.356 | 27.33% |
| 2022 | 62.777.776 | 28.35% |
Research and Development Expenses are the costs a company incurs to create and improve its products or services, which can be important for investors to evaluate a company's innovation and potential for future growth.
| Year | Research and Development Expenses | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 0 | |
| 2003 | 28.497 | 100% |
| 2004 | 198.484 | 85.64% |
| 2005 | 176.089 | -12.72% |
| 2006 | 90.459 | -94.66% |
| 2007 | 144 | -63157.34% |
| 2008 | 161 | 11.18% |
| 2009 | 52.075 | 99.69% |
| 2010 | 21.368 | -143.71% |
| 2011 | 0 | 0% |
| 2012 | 0 | 0% |
| 2013 | 0 | 0% |
| 2014 | 0 | 0% |
| 2015 | 0 | 0% |
| 2016 | 0 | 0% |
| 2017 | 0 | 0% |
| 2018 | 0 | 0% |
| 2019 | 746.684 | 100% |
| 2020 | 0 | 0% |
| 2020 | 999.774 | 100% |
| 2021 | 8.613.052 | 88.39% |
| 2022 | 18.936.832 | 54.52% |
General and Administrative Expenses are the costs a company incurs to run its day-to-day operations, such as office rent, salaries, and utilities, which investors consider to understand a company's overall efficiency and management effectiveness.
| Year | General and Administrative Expenses | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 842.021 | |
| 2003 | 1.150.616 | 26.82% |
| 2004 | 1.875.396 | 38.65% |
| 2005 | 2.307.464 | 18.72% |
| 2006 | 2.737.724 | 15.72% |
| 2007 | 3.577.592 | 23.48% |
| 2008 | 4.309.038 | 16.97% |
| 2009 | 4.816.508 | 10.54% |
| 2010 | 6.437.171 | 25.18% |
| 2011 | 7.305.578 | 11.89% |
| 2012 | 6.396.921 | -14.2% |
| 2013 | 7.179.068 | 10.89% |
| 2014 | 7.391.186 | 2.87% |
| 2015 | 9.273.368 | 20.3% |
| 2016 | 12.322.053 | 24.74% |
| 2017 | 15.855.198 | 22.28% |
| 2018 | 13.697.320 | -15.75% |
| 2019 | 8.429.675 | -62.49% |
| 2020 | 12.282.784 | 31.37% |
| 2020 | 10.260.465 | -19.71% |
| 2021 | 11.798.628 | 13.04% |
| 2022 | 8.559.468 | -37.84% |
EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. It is a measure that helps stock investors analyze a company's profitability by looking at its earnings without considering certain expenses. This helps to get a clearer picture of the company's financial performance and its ability to generate cash flow.
| Year | EBITDA | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | -816.032 | |
| 2003 | -1.367.220 | 40.31% |
| 2004 | -2.293.371 | 40.38% |
| 2005 | -1.337.240 | -71.5% |
| 2006 | -1.450.969 | 7.84% |
| 2007 | -827.569 | -75.33% |
| 2008 | 1.267.950 | 165.27% |
| 2009 | 739.831 | -71.38% |
| 2010 | -493.172 | 250.01% |
| 2011 | 3.510.577 | 114.05% |
| 2012 | -813.451 | 531.57% |
| 2013 | -3.564.286 | 77.18% |
| 2014 | -1.688.398 | -111.1% |
| 2015 | 1.473.999 | 214.55% |
| 2016 | 218.179 | -575.59% |
| 2017 | 832.417 | 73.79% |
| 2018 | -3.271.278 | 125.45% |
| 2019 | 81.637 | 4107.1% |
| 2020 | 118.952 | 31.37% |
| 2020 | 8.208.596 | 98.55% |
| 2021 | 13.105.056 | 37.36% |
| 2022 | 8.102.892 | -61.73% |
Gross profit is the money a company makes from selling its products or services after subtracting the cost of producing or providing them, and it is an important measure for investors to understand a company's profitability.
| Year | Gross Profit | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 203.742 | |
| 2003 | 134.302 | -51.7% |
| 2004 | 782.147 | 82.83% |
| 2005 | 1.348.301 | 41.99% |
| 2006 | 1.845.421 | 26.94% |
| 2007 | 3.519.106 | 47.56% |
| 2008 | 6.285.206 | 44.01% |
| 2009 | 6.837.477 | 8.08% |
| 2010 | 7.860.168 | 13.01% |
| 2011 | 10.941.899 | 28.16% |
| 2012 | 6.359.729 | -72.05% |
| 2013 | 5.109.808 | -24.46% |
| 2014 | 6.277.587 | 18.6% |
| 2015 | 11.845.274 | 47% |
| 2016 | 14.373.183 | 17.59% |
| 2017 | 16.256.837 | 11.59% |
| 2018 | 10.158.480 | -60.03% |
| 2019 | 10.399.498 | 2.32% |
| 2020 | 15.152.991 | 31.37% |
| 2020 | 17.941.044 | 15.54% |
| 2021 | 26.679.692 | 32.75% |
| 2022 | 34.993.964 | 23.76% |
Net income in stock investing is like the money a company actually gets to keep as profit after paying all its bills, and it's an important measure to understand how well a company is doing financially.
| Year | Net Profit | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | -883.887 | |
| 2003 | -1.833.827 | 51.8% |
| 2004 | -1.695.907 | -8.13% |
| 2005 | -1.189.444 | -42.58% |
| 2006 | -1.402.254 | 15.18% |
| 2007 | -714.207 | -96.34% |
| 2008 | 1.153.787 | 161.9% |
| 2009 | 1.391.761 | 17.1% |
| 2010 | -904.395 | 253.89% |
| 2011 | 2.509.325 | 136.04% |
| 2012 | -1.786.171 | 240.49% |
| 2013 | -3.660.906 | 51.21% |
| 2014 | -3.882.727 | 5.71% |
| 2015 | 1.972.936 | 296.8% |
| 2016 | -633.163 | 411.6% |
| 2017 | -565.918 | -11.88% |
| 2018 | -2.495.767 | 77.32% |
| 2019 | -1.315.796 | -89.68% |
| 2020 | -1.917.232 | 31.37% |
| 2020 | 5.233.283 | 136.64% |
| 2021 | 7.519.734 | 30.41% |
| 2022 | 10.530.432 | 28.59% |
EPS, or earnings per share, is a measure that shows how much profit a company has earned for each outstanding share of its stock, and it is important for stock investors as it helps understand the profitability of a company and compare it with other companies in the market.
| Year | Earning per Share (EPS) | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 0 | |
| 2003 | 0 | 0% |
| 2004 | 0 | 0% |
| 2005 | 0 | 0% |
| 2006 | 0 | 0% |
| 2007 | 0 | 0% |
| 2008 | 0 | 0% |
| 2009 | 0 | 0% |
| 2010 | 0 | 0% |
| 2011 | 0 | 0% |
| 2012 | 0 | 0% |
| 2013 | 0 | 0% |
| 2014 | 0 | 0% |
| 2015 | 0 | 0% |
| 2016 | 0 | 0% |
| 2017 | 0 | 0% |
| 2018 | 0 | 0% |
| 2019 | 0 | 0% |
| 2020 | 0 | 0% |
| 2020 | 0 | 0% |
| 2021 | 0 | 0% |
| 2022 | 0 | 0% |
Cashflow Statements
Cashflow statements show the movement of money in and out of a company, helping stock investors understand how much money a company makes and spends. By examining cashflow statements, investors can assess if a company is generating enough cash to pay its bills, invest in growth, and provide returns to stockholders.
Free cash flow is the leftover cash that a company generates after covering its operating expenses and capital expenditures, which is important for stock investors as it shows how much money a company has available to invest in growth, pay dividends, or reduce debt.
| Year | Free Cashflow | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | -1.624.009 | |
| 2004 | -2.101.738 | 22.73% |
| 2005 | -1.664.321 | -26.28% |
| 2006 | -1.470.130 | -13.21% |
| 2007 | -1.061.014 | -38.56% |
| 2008 | 514.887 | 306.07% |
| 2009 | 615.865 | 16.4% |
| 2010 | 399.645 | -54.1% |
| 2011 | 939.857 | 57.48% |
| 2012 | -1.997.928 | 147.04% |
| 2013 | -4.179.889 | 52.2% |
| 2014 | -3.586.127 | -16.56% |
| 2015 | 1.333.569 | 368.91% |
| 2016 | 1.619.561 | 17.66% |
| 2017 | -2.865.370 | 156.52% |
| 2018 | -2.526.959 | -13.39% |
| 2019 | -2.078.433 | -21.58% |
| 2020 | 18.233.613 | 111.4% |
| 2021 | 10.525.909 | -73.23% |
| 2022 | 608.769 | -1629.05% |
Operating cash flow represents the cash generated or consumed by a company's day-to-day operations, excluding external investing or financing activities, and is crucial for stock investors as it shows how much cash a company is generating from its core business operations.
| Year | Operating Cashflow | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | -1.585.329 | |
| 2004 | -2.007.018 | 21.01% |
| 2005 | -1.584.536 | -26.66% |
| 2006 | -1.353.744 | -17.05% |
| 2007 | -704.537 | -92.15% |
| 2008 | 914.575 | 177.03% |
| 2009 | 1.408.847 | 35.08% |
| 2010 | 510.188 | -176.14% |
| 2011 | 1.290.976 | 60.48% |
| 2012 | -1.627.592 | 179.32% |
| 2013 | -3.409.015 | 52.26% |
| 2014 | -2.776.925 | -22.76% |
| 2015 | 2.550.791 | 208.87% |
| 2016 | 2.608.352 | 2.21% |
| 2017 | 0 | 0% |
| 2018 | -86.920 | 100% |
| 2019 | 1.058.075 | 108.21% |
| 2020 | 21.490.177 | 95.08% |
| 2021 | 14.087.331 | -52.55% |
| 2022 | 673.783 | -1990.78% |
Capex, short for capital expenditures, refers to the money a company spends on acquiring or upgrading tangible assets like buildings, equipment, or technology, which is important for stock investors as it indicates how much a company is investing in its infrastructure to support future growth and profitability.
| Year | Capital Expenditure | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 38.680 | |
| 2004 | 94.720 | 59.16% |
| 2005 | 79.785 | -18.72% |
| 2006 | 116.386 | 31.45% |
| 2007 | 356.477 | 67.35% |
| 2008 | 399.688 | 10.81% |
| 2009 | 792.982 | 49.6% |
| 2010 | 110.543 | -617.35% |
| 2011 | 351.119 | 68.52% |
| 2012 | 370.336 | 5.19% |
| 2013 | 770.874 | 51.96% |
| 2014 | 809.202 | 4.74% |
| 2015 | 1.217.222 | 33.52% |
| 2016 | 988.791 | -23.1% |
| 2017 | 2.865.370 | 65.49% |
| 2018 | 2.440.039 | -17.43% |
| 2019 | 3.136.508 | 22.21% |
| 2020 | 3.256.564 | 3.69% |
| 2021 | 3.561.422 | 8.56% |
| 2022 | 65.014 | -5378.02% |
Balance Sheet
Balance sheets provide a snapshot of a company's financial health and its assets (such as cash, inventory, and property) and liabilities (like debts and obligations) at a specific point in time. For stock investors, balance sheets help assess the company's overall worth and evaluate its ability to meet financial obligations and support future growth.
Equity refers to the ownership interest or stake that shareholders have in a company, representing their claim on its assets and earnings after all debts and liabilities are paid.
| Year | Equity | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 4.244.612 | |
| 2003 | 4.233.073 | -0.27% |
| 2004 | 2.920.714 | -44.93% |
| 2005 | 2.297.425 | -27.13% |
| 2006 | 1.343.259 | -71.03% |
| 2007 | 1.842.050 | 27.08% |
| 2008 | 3.983.744 | 53.76% |
| 2009 | 5.966.903 | 33.24% |
| 2010 | 6.736.561 | 11.43% |
| 2011 | 10.461.463 | 35.61% |
| 2012 | 8.039.385 | -30.13% |
| 2013 | 12.253.807 | 34.39% |
| 2014 | 7.758.163 | -57.95% |
| 2015 | 10.301.778 | 24.69% |
| 2016 | 11.066.369 | 6.91% |
| 2017 | 11.684.669 | 5.29% |
| 2018 | 10.112.577 | -15.55% |
| 2019 | 16.128.519 | 37.3% |
| 2020 | 21.783.337 | 25.96% |
| 2021 | 32.922.110 | 33.83% |
| 2022 | 37.688.576 | 12.65% |
Assets represent the valuable resources that a company owns, such as cash, inventory, property, and equipment, and understanding a company's assets helps investors assess its value and potential for generating future profits.
| Year | Assets | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 4.438.195 | |
| 2003 | 4.390.080 | -1.1% |
| 2004 | 3.347.501 | -31.15% |
| 2005 | 2.828.506 | -18.35% |
| 2006 | 1.999.300 | -41.47% |
| 2007 | 2.657.795 | 24.78% |
| 2008 | 5.224.127 | 49.12% |
| 2009 | 7.346.523 | 28.89% |
| 2010 | 8.398.571 | 12.53% |
| 2011 | 12.184.949 | 31.07% |
| 2012 | 10.088.091 | -20.79% |
| 2013 | 14.228.833 | 29.1% |
| 2014 | 10.972.005 | -29.68% |
| 2015 | 14.658.787 | 25.15% |
| 2016 | 16.758.539 | 12.53% |
| 2017 | 18.791.705 | 10.82% |
| 2018 | 19.239.167 | 2.33% |
| 2019 | 31.643.532 | 39.2% |
| 2020 | 51.383.502 | 38.42% |
| 2021 | 58.446.594 | 12.08% |
| 2022 | 54.066.575 | -8.1% |
Liabilities refer to the financial obligations or debts that a company owes to creditors or external parties, and understanding a company's liabilities is important for investors as it helps assess the company's financial risk and ability to meet its obligations.
| Year | Liabilities | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 193.583 | |
| 2003 | 157.007 | -23.3% |
| 2004 | 426.787 | 63.21% |
| 2005 | 531.081 | 19.64% |
| 2006 | 656.042 | 19.05% |
| 2007 | 815.745 | 19.58% |
| 2008 | 1.240.382 | 34.23% |
| 2009 | 1.379.619 | 10.09% |
| 2010 | 1.662.010 | 16.99% |
| 2011 | 1.723.486 | 3.57% |
| 2012 | 2.048.705 | 15.87% |
| 2013 | 1.975.026 | -3.73% |
| 2014 | 3.213.842 | 38.55% |
| 2015 | 4.357.009 | 26.24% |
| 2016 | 5.692.170 | 23.46% |
| 2017 | 7.107.036 | 19.91% |
| 2018 | 9.126.590 | 22.13% |
| 2019 | 15.515.013 | 41.18% |
| 2020 | 29.600.165 | 47.58% |
| 2021 | 25.524.484 | -15.97% |
| 2022 | 16.377.999 | -55.85% |
Cogstate Limited Financial Ratio (TTM)
Valuation Metrics
- Revenue per Share
- 0.31
- Net Income per Share
- 0.03
- Price to Earning Ratio
- 34.31x
- Price To Sales Ratio
- 2.75x
- POCF Ratio
- 188.01
- PFCF Ratio
- 215.35
- Price to Book Ratio
- 4.87
- EV to Sales
- 2.28
- EV Over EBITDA
- 34.75
- EV to Operating CashFlow
- 142.61
- EV to FreeCashFlow
- 178.85
- Earnings Yield
- 0.03
- FreeCashFlow Yield
- 0
- Market Cap
- 0,17 Bil.
- Enterprise Value
- 0,14 Bil.
- Graham Number
- 0.35
- Graham NetNet
- 0.1
Income Statement Metrics
- Net Income per Share
- 0.03
- Income Quality
- 0.18
- ROE
- 0.11
- Return On Assets
- 0.11
- Return On Capital Employed
- 0.1
- Net Income per EBT
- 1.08
- EBT Per Ebit
- 1.28
- Ebit per Revenue
- 0.1
- Effective Tax Rate
- -0.08
Margins
- Sales, General, & Administrative to Revenue
- 0.13
- Research & Developement to Revenue
- 0.17
- Stock Based Compensation to Revenue
- 0.04
- Gross Profit Margin
- 0.25
- Operating Profit Margin
- 0.1
- Pretax Profit Margin
- 0.12
- Net Profit Margin
- 0.13
Dividends
- Dividend Yield
- 0
- Dividend Yield %
- 0
- Payout Ratio
- 0
- Dividend Per Share
- 0
Operating Metrics
- Operating Cashflow per Share
- 0.01
- Free CashFlow per Share
- 0
- Capex to Operating CashFlow
- -0.2
- Capex to Revenue
- -0
- Capex to Depreciation
- -0.15
- Return on Invested Capital
- 0.07
- Return on Tangible Assets
- 0.12
- Days Sales Outstanding
- 45.7
- Days Payables Outstanding
- 2.28
- Days of Inventory on Hand
- 15.29
- Receivables Turnover
- 7.99
- Payables Turnover
- 160.32
- Inventory Turnover
- 23.88
- Capex per Share
- -0
Balance Sheet
- Cash per Share
- 0,15
- Book Value per Share
- 0,19
- Tangible Book Value per Share
- 0.14
- Shareholders Equity per Share
- 0.19
- Interest Debt per Share
- 0
- Debt to Equity
- 0.01
- Debt to Assets
- 0
- Net Debt to EBITDA
- -7.09
- Current Ratio
- 3.19
- Tangible Asset Value
- 0,03 Bil.
- Net Current Asset Value
- 0,02 Bil.
- Invested Capital
- 0.01
- Working Capital
- 0,03 Bil.
- Intangibles to Total Assets
- 0.21
- Average Receivables
- 0,00 Bil.
- Average Payables
- 0,00 Bil.
- Average Inventory
- 625315
- Debt to Market Cap
- 0
Dividends
Dividends in stock investing are like rewards that companies give to their shareholders. They are a portion of the company's profits distributed to investors, typically in the form of cash payments, as a way for them to share in the company's success.
| Year | Dividends | Growth |
|---|
Cogstate Limited Profile
About Cogstate Limited
Cogstate Limited, a neuroscience technology company, provides computerized cognitive tests and electronic clinical outcome assessment solutions. The company's cognitive services include project management, data management, scientific consulting, statistical analysis, scales procurement, rater training, and monitoring solutions. It operates in Clinical Trials and Healthcare segments. The Clinical Trials segment provides technology and associated services that are used to quantify the effect of diseases and drugs, and devices or other interventions on human subjects participating in clinical trials primarily conducted by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The Healthcare segment provides Cognigram, a system for regular and standardized testing to assist primary care physicians and/or hospitals in the early detection of cognitive decline. As of June 30, 2022, it had participated in approximately 1,800 academic research. Cogstate Limited was incorporated in 1999 and is based in Melbourne, Australia.
- CEO
- Mr. Bradley John O'Connor B.Bu
- Employee
- 158
- Address
-
161 Collins Street
Melbourne, 3000
Cogstate Limited Executives & BODs
| # | Name | Age |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Ms. Kristi Geddes General Counsel, Joint Company Secretary & Director |
70 |
| 2 |
Mr. Kenneth Billard Chief Commercial Officer |
70 |
| 3 |
Mr. Darren Watson Chief Financial Officer |
70 |
| 4 |
Dr. Chris Edgar Ph.D. Chief Science Officer |
70 |
| 5 |
Mr. Benjamin Bloomfield Chief Technology Officer |
70 |
| 6 |
Ms. Rachel Colite Executive Vice President of Clinical Trials |
70 |
| 7 |
Mr. David James Franks BEc, C.A., F Fin, J.P. Joint Company Secretary |
70 |
| 8 |
Mr. Bradley John O'Connor B.Bus, C.A., CA Chief Executive Officer, MD & Executive Director |
70 |
| 9 |
Prof. Paul Maruff BBSc (Hons), Ph.D. Founder & Chief Innovation Officer |
70 |
Cogstate Limited Competitors
